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Make Illinois Great Again With Chief

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One-time mascot of the Academy of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

A operation of Chief Illiniwek at a football game in 2006

Principal Illiniwek was the symbol of the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (UIUC), associated with the University's intercollegiate able-bodied programs, from October 30, 1926 to February 21, 2007. Chief Illiniwek was portrayed by a educatee to stand for the Illiniwek, the state's namesake, although the regalia worn was from the Sioux. The student portraying Principal Illiniwek performed during halftime of Illinois football and basketball games, also as during women'south volleyball matches.

For more than than two decades, Chief Illiniwek had been the center of a controversy betwixt fans and alumni who view "the Chief" as part of UIUC tradition and as a powerful and positive symbol, non a mascot of Native American heritage; while some Native American individuals and some organizations, some social scientists, and some educators view such mascots as cultural appropriation of indigenous images and rituals, which perpetuate stereotypes almost American Indian peoples. In 2005, Chief Illiniwek was 1 of 19 mascots cited as "hostile or abusive" by the NCAA in a policy that banned schools from full participation in postseason activities every bit long every bit they continued to use such mascots.[1] [2]

The University of Illinois retired Chief Illiniwek in 2007, with his last official performance on February 21, 2007.[3] UIUC has not selected a replacement. A non-binding resolution to brand "Alma Otter" the official mascot was placed on the bound 2019 student election election, only failed to receive a majority, although some see the vote as a sign of progress.[four] In 2020 the belted kingfisher received a majority of educatee votes as a possible new mascot.[v] In September 2020 the University Senate overwhelmingly endorsed the kingfisher as the new mascot, voting 105 to 2 with 4 abnegation.[6]

Background [edit]

Chief Illiniwek and the Chief Illiniwek logo—a stylized forepart view of an American Indian face and headdress—are trademarks of the University of Illinois. Licensed utilize of the logo by the university has been increasingly restrictive as a result of the ongoing controversy. Chief Illiniwek is not based on an actual American Indian primary, nor did a historical figure with this name ever exist.

Since he performed many of the functions of other schools' mascots, Main Illiniwek is generally referred to as the academy's mascot in media reporting and bookish sources regarding the controversy.[7] Chief Illiniwek predates the apply of mascots by near sports teams, adding forcefulness to the claim that the portrayal was never a mascot at all.[8] In the concluding years he did not perform at road games, since other Big Ten universities refused to let the character to perform at their dwelling house games, citing him equally offensive.[9]

During sporting events, Main Illiniwek was portrayed past a student selected via audition and wearing authentic Lakota (Sioux) clothing. The portrayal also included a dance that the originated from the commencement three portrayers' experience in the Boy Scouts of America, as taught by Ralph Hubbard, who had traveled widely in Europe and America staging "Indian pageants".[x] This dance corresponded to the music and lyrics of the "Three in I" performed by the university ring, which is an arrangement of three original songs entitled "The March of the Illini", "Hail to the Orange", and "Pride of the Illini".[11]

History [edit]

The origin of Chief Illiniwek dates to 1926, when Ray Dvorak, assistant managing director of bands at the University of Illinois, conceived the idea of having a Native American war trip the light fantastic performed during halftime of Illinois football games. The first performance occurred on October xxx, 1926 at Memorial Stadium during the halftime of a game against the Academy of Pennsylvania. At the conclusion of his operation, Illinwek was met at midfield by a drum major dressed as the University of Pennsylvania's Quaker mascot, offered a peace pipe, and walked off the field arm in arm.[1] Educatee Lester Leutwiler, an Eagle Lookout, created the original costume and performed the dance based upon his feel as a Boy Scout. The expression Illiniwek (significant "the complete human being - the potent, active human body, and the indomitable man spirit")[12] was first used in conjunction with the University of Illinois football team by football coach Bob Zuppke, referring to the Illinois Confederation[13] of Native Americans who historically had inhabited much of nowadays-mean solar day Illinois.

Another student, A. Webber Borchers, was the only Primary to ride on horseback around the field[i] and solidified the Chief tradition, continuing the performances and soliciting contributions for a permanent costume in 1930. Since then, the costume has been replaced several times, most recently in 1982. The current costume was sold to the Academy marching band by Frank Fools Crow, chief of the Oglala Sioux (a nation unrelated to the Illiniwek), after existence sewn past his wife. He visited the campus in 1982 to present the regalia during halftime of a football game at the asking of then-Banana Director of Bands and Director of Able-bodied Bands Gary Smith. The costume contained real eagle feathers, but because eagle feathers are sacred to Native Americans, and because they came from a species protected by the Lacey Human activity of 1900,[14] the Bald and Aureate Eagle Protection Act (1940), the Migratory Bird Human action, and at that time the Endangered Species Act, the feathers in the headdresses worn by the Chief were replaced with dyed turkey feathers later requests from the family unit of Principal Fools Crow.[xv]

A full of 36 different students officially performed the office of the Chief. All merely one have been men: one woman, Idelle (Stith) Brooks, served in 1943 due to the shortage of male students during World War 2; she was called "Princess Illiniwek." No student portraying Primary Illiniwek was of American Indian heritage during the 82 year span,[16] although Brooks, a journalism major who had grown up on the Osage Reservation in Fairfax, Oklahoma, was described every bit an "honorary princess of the Osage Indian tribe".[17] [18] Brooks weighed xc pounds and her Chief regalia weighed 50.[1]

The bodily descendants of the Illiniwek opposed the Master (see Controversy, below). Whereas, when in May 1995, a WICD reporter interviewed members of the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Chief Don Giles said, "We do not have a problem with the mascot.",[19] by 2000, the tribal council, under a new chief, passed a resolution opposing the apply of the Chief by the Academy.[20] On January 17, 2007, the Executive Committee of the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council, issued a resolution asking that the Academy of Illinois return the regalia to the family of Frank Fools Crow and stop the utilise of the Chief Illiniwek mascot. The resolution was delivered to the academy'southward Board of Trustees, UI President B. Joseph White, and Chancellor Richard Herman. The campus' Native American House was authorized by the Oglala Sioux to distribute the resolution to the public.[21]

The Chief appeared at the University's homecoming parade and pep rally until 1991.[1]

Controversy [edit]

From the mid-1970s, the Chief was the subject of debate at the University of Illinois.[12] In October 1989, Charlene Teters, a graduate student from the Spokane tribe, began protesting the Chief at athletic events after her immature son and daughter'due south reaction to the Chief'southward dance at a basketball game game.[22] Soon, individuals and organizations, some from exterior of the Academy, began to back up the Principal's emptying. Some academic departments adopted official stances in favor of retirement of the mascot. External organizations including the National Clan for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Education Association, Immunity International, the Modern Language Association, and Club for the Written report of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas also took positions in favor of retiring the Chief.[23] In November 1989, the Illinois state legislature passed a resolution in support of the Master.[i]

Student and alumni organizations, such every bit the Honor the Chief Lodge and Chief Illiniwek Educational Foundation, are dedicated to explaining and preserving the tradition of Chief Illiniwek. The Students for the Principal group formed in 1990.[ane] Among the national Native American organizations which called for the retirement of the mascot were the National Congress of American Indians and the National Indian Education Association. At the Urbana-Champaign campus, the Native American House, the American Indian Studies program, and the Native American educatee organizations all called for its retirement.

Those in favor of retiring the Chief contended that the Main misappropriates and misrepresents Native American culture and perpetuates harmful racial and indigenous stereotypes. They argued that this obstructed the creation of a diverse and tolerant learning community, harmed the reputation of the University, and promoted an inaccurate image of Native Americans. Those in support of the mascot claimed that he was a revered symbol representing not only a proud people but the great spirit of a great academy.

A 1995 ruling by the United States Department of Pedagogy found that the mascot did not violate Native American students' ceremonious rights. Besides in 1995, the state legislature approved a bill making the Master the "official symbol" of the University, but Governor Jim Edgar'southward amendatory veto allowed the decision to remain with the University.[1]

On January 13, 2000, the Lath of Trustees of the University of Illinois passed a resolution concerning the issue of the continuation of the Main Illiniwek performances at its athletic events. The resolution acknowledged the beingness of a controversy. Pursuant to this resolution, the board retained Louis B. Garippo, a sometime circuit court judge in Cook Canton, to assist in conducting a dialogue on Chief Illiniwek. The Special Intake Session on Chief Illiniwek was held in Foellinger Auditorium on the Urbana campus on April fourteen, 2000. Garippo presided over the session, reviewed and compiled communications on the issue, and prepared a report[24] to the board. Garippo's task was to convey respondents' opinions to the lath, non to make a recommendation on the status of Primary Illiniwek.

In 2006, the University Lath of Trustees opted to report the issue and passed a resolution calling for "a consensus conclusion to the matter of Primary Illiniwek." Many on both sides of the issue plant this resolution problematic, given that one-time trustee Roger Plummer determined that a compromise on the event was non possible. At that bespeak, the Board of Trustees had not consulted on the matter with the faculty of the American Indian Studies Program.

In the past few years, opinion polls on the subject have not been much help in defining Native American opinion on the subject. In 2002, a Peter Harris Research Group poll of those who self-alleged Native American ethnicity on a U.Due south. census showed that 81% of self-identified Native Americans support the utilize of Indian nicknames in high schoolhouse and college sports, and 83% of Native Americans support the utilise of Indian mascots and symbols in professional sports. However, the methods and results of this poll have been disputed.[25] A separate poll conducted by the Native-run newspaper Indian Country Today in 2001 reported that 81% of those polled "indicated use of American Indian names, symbols and mascots are predominantly offensive and deeply disparaging to Native Americans."

A not-binding student referendum on Chief Illiniwek was conducted in March 2004. Of the approximately 1-tertiary of the student body who cast ballots, 69% of the voters favored retention of the Chief.[26] Faculty have tended to be critical of the Chief.[12] [27] Another not-binding student referendum on Chief Illiniwek was conducted in February 2008. Of the approximately 23% of the student body who cast ballots, 79% (7,718) voted to show support for Chief Illiniwek, while 21% (2,052) voted to not show support.[28]

Position of the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma [edit]

The Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma are the closest living descendants of the Illinois Confederation, having been relocated to Oklahoma in the 19th century. The position of the tribal leadership has evolved over the years. In a television interview with WICD-TV in 1995, Don Giles, then Chief of the Peoria Tribe, said, "To say that we are anything but proud to have these portrayals would exist completely wrong. We are proud. We're proud that the Academy of Illinois, the flagship university of the state, a seat of learning, is drawing on that background of our having been there. And what more laurels could they pay us?" Supporting Chief Giles was some other tribal elder, Ron Froman, who stated that the protesters "don't speak for all Native Americans, and certainly not united states."[12]

Ron Froman was later elected Master, by which time his views on the Chief Illiniwek mascot had changed. In April 2000, following meetings with American Indian students attending the University, the tribal council, with Chief Froman's support, passed by the margin of 3 to 2 a resolution requesting "the leadership of the Academy of Illinois to recognize the demeaning nature of the characterization of Chief Illiniwek, and cease utilize of this mascots [sic]".[20] Froman said, "I don't know what the origination was, or what the reason was for the university to create Master Illiniwek. I don't think it was to honor us, because, hell, they ran our (butts) out of Illinois."[29] This puts Chief Illiniwek in a position unlike from that of the mascots of other schools such as Florida Land University, whose American Indian mascots are not opposed by the leadership of the respective tribes. In 2005, a new Primary, John P. Froman, when asked his position by the NCAA, indicated that "the Chief was non representative of our tribe and culture, mainly because the costume is Sioux."[30] In 2006, in response to a widely published column by announcer George Will in back up of the mascot's employ, he wrote a letter reiterating the Peoria Tribe'southward opposition to the mascot and decrying that the "University of Illinois has ignored the tribe's request for nearly five years."[31]

NCAA involvement [edit]

In Baronial 2005, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the primary governing lath for intercollegiate athletics, instituted a ban on schools that utilise what they call "hostile and abusive American Indian nicknames" from hosting postseason games, commencement February 2006. The University of Illinois was amid the 18 schools subject field to the ban which, amid other things, prohibited the University from hosting NCAA-sponsored tournaments. The ban was soon expanded to include Bowl Championship Series-sponsored bowl games, starting with the 2006 football season. The academy appealed the ban in October on the grounds that information technology violates NCAA bylaws and violated institutional autonomy.

On Nov eleven, 2005, the NCAA, stating that it had "constitute no new data relative to the mascot, known equally 'Chief Illiniwek' or the logo mark used by some athletics teams that depicts an American Indian in feathered headdress,"[32] upheld the ban on the University of Illinois. Still, it did permit the continued apply of the nicknames "Illini" and "Fighting Illini" past the University because they are based on the proper name of the country and non of American Indian descent. The university appealed the conclusion once more on January 30, 2006, mere days before the borderline.[33] While the NCAA Executive Committee granted an extension to April 28, the commission's next coming together, to other schools afflicted by the ban, the Academy of Illinois requested a longer stay until May 15, the terminate of the electric current semester. The Executive Commission ignored the request for a longer stay and denied the university's 2d appeal while indicating that no further appeals would be entertained.[34]

The Chicago Sun-Times reported on August 31, 2006 that Chief Illiniwek would "no longer be an official university mascot" after the 2006–2007 basketball game season. The paper likewise reported that the ownership of the Main would be transitioned to an system called the "Council of Chiefs" and made up of a number of people who accept previously portrayed Chief Illiniwek. The adjacent mean solar day, notwithstanding, the Academy disputed the Sun-Times report. University sources confirmed that several former Chiefs had met with University officials to discuss preserving the mascot's tradition but stated that the and then-called "Council of Chiefs" did not be as a formally organized grouping. A University spokesman stated that "no decisions have been fabricated" regarding the mascot'south fate.[35]

Main Illiniwek and the Fighting Illini [edit]

Some have incorrectly linked Chief Illiniwek with the nickname Fighting Illini. Though many assume that both are based on Illinois' American Indian traditions, the name Illini was start associated with the school by the pupil newspaper, which in 1874 changed its proper name from The Student to The Illini.[36]

The add-on of the describing word "fighting" originated nigh v years before the appearance of Primary Illiniwek, equally a tribute to Illinois soldiers killed in World War I. Similarly, the on-campus football venue, Memorial Stadium, was named in honour of those fallen soldiers. As stated above, the NCAA has exempted the names Illini and Fighting Illini from its ban on American Indian imagery, as these names are purely based on the name of the country, and not a Native American tribe.

The country of Illinois was named by French explorers after the indigenous Illiniwek people, a consortium of Algonquian tribes which thrived in the area.

The word Illiniwek or iliniwek is the plural grade of ilinwe and ways "those who speak in the ordinary way," although it has frequently been mistranslated as "tribe of superior men."[37]

Retiring Chief Illiniwek [edit]

On February sixteen, 2007, Lawrence Eppley, chair of the board of trustees issued a unilateral ruling retiring Chief Illiniwek.[38] Chief Illiniwek's final performance, past the final Primary, Dan Maloney of Galesburg, Illinois, took identify on February 21, 2007 at the concluding men'southward home basketball of the 2006–2007 regular season against Michigan, in Associates Hall.[39] As at the fourth dimension, Master Illiniwek also performed at women's home basketball game games, the first halftime functioning without the portrayal of Chief Illiniwek was the post-obit night, February 22, 2007, at the women's basketball game against Michigan State.

On March 13, 2007, the University of Illinois board of trustees voted to retire Illiniwek'due south name, image and regalia.[twoscore]

After retirement [edit]

On Oct 4, 2009, the University of Illinois gave the Principal Illiniwek regalia to the Oglala Lakota. The media were denied entry to this event, which was chosen a "individual function" by Associate Managing director of Athletics Dana Brenner. The university did non offer a public statement about the return.[41]

Students and fans nonetheless dirge "Principal" during the functioning of 3 In One during halftime. Since neither the NCAA nor the University have any control over what the fans chant, opposition groups take chosen to additionally ban the Three In 1 operation.[42]

In April 2014, an ethnic student, Xochitl Sandoval, sent a letter to the university administration (which she also posted on her Facebook page) describing her thoughts of suicide resulting from the daily insults she felt due to the continued presence of "The Principal" on campus, including other students wearing the erstwhile epitome and proper noun on sweatshirts and the connected "unofficial" performances by the current "Chief", Ivan A. Dozier. She stated that these thoughts came as a event of her feeling that she had no recourse because the academy had non enforced its own policies regarding racism and the creation of a hostile environs for indigenous students such as herself; but had instead stated her simply recourse would be personal action.[43] Soon afterward there was a gathering on the Quad organized by the president of the Native American Ethnic Student Arrangement in support of Sandoval, and calling for further action by the University to eliminate the presence of the Chief on campus.[44] The Campus Kinesthesia Association (CFA) also issued a statement in back up of Sandoval.[45]

In May 2016, the Academy announced that a process was underway to select a "first-ever athletic mascot" for the academy—the phrase manifestly recognizing the argument past some Chief supporters that the Chief was not a mascot but a "symbol."[46]

In August 2017, University Chancellor Robert Jones fabricated the conclusion to ban the school's "State of war Chant", in response to critic claims that said the music stereotyped Native Americans and prolonged the divisive debate over Chief Illiniwek. ""Debating it was not going to exercise anything just kind of re-initiate a lot of the agony and the angst that have been a cancer that has been eating abroad at this university for more than a decade," Jones said of the closed-session ruling.[47] Later in 2017, a protest interrupted the school'south homecoming parade in response to the Unofficial master marching with the Honor the Chief Gild.[48] The following morning, a very minor number of members of one Sioux nation hosted a 'confab' on campus bearing a banner reading "The Fighting Sioux Back up the Fighting Illini". These performers were part of an organization known as NAGA (Native American Guardians Clan). "...the idea is to educate, not eradicate, and the thought is to ameliorate what you have simply never surrender the opportunity to teach virtually Native Americanism." said Andre Billeaudeaux, executive managing director of NAGA.[49]

Selection of unofficial chief portrayers [edit]

In April 2008, the "Quango of Chiefs", a group of previous Chief Illiniwek performers, named a student to portray the chief, although this portrayal is non sanctioned or endorsed by the University.[fifty] Logan Ponce, a Latino educatee, was called as the 37th portrayer. Ponce expressed the ultimate goal of returning the Master to the university. "It's unique to Illinois and has been such an of import office of our history," he said. "It'southward part of our heritage. Nosotros expect forward to continuing it."[51]

In May 2010 the Students for Chief System chose a new student to serve as the 38th chief portrayer: Ivan A. Dozier, who is of Cherokee ancestry.[52] Dozier performed as Principal at the "Side by side Dance" issue over homecoming weekend at the University in 2010. He likewise appeared in regalia at numerous sporting events throughout the years.[53] Bennett Kamps was select to supersede Dozier upon his graduation, with an initial appearance in February, 2016.[54] The current portrayer is Omar Cruz.[55]

Unofficial performances and events [edit]

An effect called "Students for Chief Illiniwek Presents: The Adjacent Dance," happened on November xv, 2008 following the football game confronting Ohio State University, in the Assembly Hall. "We want to do this result on a very exciting day for Illini fans and we want information technology to be a complement to that mean solar day's game," said Roberto Martell Jr., former president of Students for Chief Illiniwek and a inferior in the Higher of Liberal Arts and Sciences.[56] An open letter was sent forth by the Native American Firm encouraging the entire University community to speak out against the outcome.[57]

On Feb 26, 2010 the webpage of Students for Main Illiniwek posted nearly fifty email correspondences, obtained through the Freedom of Data Human action, of several members of the University administration attempting to prevent the "Next Trip the light fantastic toe" portrayals. Parties involved include Renee Romano, Anna Gonzalez, Robert Warrior, and then-Chancellor Richard Herman. The emails include conversations between Romano and Richard Herman appreciating "the fact that we've been trying to get in the way of allowing the students for the master to perform a trip the light fantastic in the assembly hall and "trying to think of a reason to deny them access to Assembly Hall on Oct. 2." The revelation of gratis speech violations by the administrators was criticized past free-spoken language advocates, including the Foundation for Private Rights in Teaching, which currently gives the University of Illinois a yellow calorie-free rating.[58]

In October 2012, the Chief fabricated an unsanctioned halftime advent at Memorial stadium, in the Homecoming football game against Indiana.[59]

In January 2015, an unofficial appearance at Tuscola High School, by former portrayer Ivan A. Dozier, was cancelled. Schoolhouse officials removed the announcement post from social media saying they did not have the time or personnel to address the bad language and personal attacks that were made in the online comments.[60] [61] The Schoolhouse District announced via Twitter that the appearance was cancelled "In gild to ensure highest level of student/community safety."[62]

Both the Council of Chiefs and Students for Chief Illiniwek posted events on Facebook encouraging fans to wearable "Main" gear to the basketball game game with Purdue on Feb 22, 2018. Entitled "Paint the Hall Primary" the posting prompted the academy to asking that Facebook remove the events due to copyright infringement of the original Chief Illiniwek logo; which Facebook refused to exercise because the image used is significantly different than the original, constituting legal "fair use".[55] At the game, about 100 protestors assembled at the chief archway to the State Subcontract Centre displaying signs and chanting opposition to the Chief.[63]

Academy employee Jay Rosenstein was arrested for stalking and invasion of privacy after he followed Dozier and the current unofficial portrayer of the Main into a public bath at the Associates Hall on January 22, 2018, and recorded them in a land of undress.[64] No charges were filed by united states of america attorney.[65] Dozier filed suit against Rosenstein in Jan 2019; the judge rejected Rosenstein'southward movement to dismiss and the lawsuit can proceed.[66]

Chancellor's Commission [edit]

The effort to resolve the controversy by the current chancellor, Robert J. Jones has included the piece of work of a committee that issued a report of its "critical conversations" that included over 600 participants representing all sides, which remain sharply divided.[67] The chancellor has appointed a Commission on Native Imagery: Healing and Reconciliation to implement the recommendations of the committee.[68]

In 2019 the Role of the Chancellor issued a study with four goals and recommendations.

  1. Provide closure, healing and reconciliation for stakeholders - Recommendations include a formal event recognizing the public retirement of Chief Illiniwek, establishing a plaque or monument outside Memorial Stadium commemorating the history, the original intent of the Chief, and the University's determination to retire the tradition to ameliorate align with current educational perspectives on diverseness and inclusion.
  2. Facilitate the establishment of new traditions - Engaging all central stakeholders in identifying new tradition(s) such as music, symbols, branding, marketing, or a mascot that do non rely upon Native American images or traditions.
  3. Remember the history of the Primary with a focus on both the intent and impact of the tradition - Development of an historically accurate account documenting the Illini, Fighting Illini, and Primary Illiniwek.
  4. Honor and partner with the Native Nations for whom Illinois is their ancestral dwelling house [69]

Both sides of the debate immediately criticized the report. Pro-principal members of the commission characterized the exclusion of Native American imagery from future traditions as "discriminatory" while opponents view the Principal as a racist past that should be not be commemorated.[seventy]

Subsequent to the release of the commission report, several dozen current and former kinesthesia (out of over 2,000 on campus) signed a alphabetic character urging the NCAA to in one case once again prohibit the UI from hosting postseason competitions until information technology "fully complies" with NCAA policies on the use of native imagery in sports. The continued presence of the Principal'south epitome on campus and the use of the nickname "Fighting Illini" were cited equally examples of policy violations. Chancellor Jones responded that these were non violations.[71]

Implementation Program on Native Imagery [edit]

In December 2020 chancellor Robert J. Jones announced the Implementation Plan on Native Imagery, a fix of reforms planned for the following three years. These included expanding the school'southward American Indian Studies programme, repatriating sacred artifacts to indigenous people, offering in-state tuition to students from federally recognized tribal nations, having a campus historian develop an accurate history of the school's apply of Native American symbols, and creating a council to develop new traditions for the student body. The plan does non accost the adoption of a new sports mascot, or the possibility of irresolute the name of the Fighting Illini sports teams.[72]

Official Chief portrayal list [edit]

Name Years of portrayal Hometown
Lester K. Leutwiler 1926-28 Urbana, Illinois
A. Webber Borchers 1929-30 Decatur, Illinois
William A. Newton 1931-34 Chicago, Illinois
Edward C. Kalb 1935-38 Springfield, Illinois
John Grable 1939-xl Overland, Missouri
Glen Holthaus 1941-42 St. Louis, Missouri
Idelle Stith* 1943 Fairfax, Oklahoma
Kenneth Hanks 1944 Raymond, Illinois
Robert Bitzer 1945-46 Collinsville, Illinois
Robert Bischoff 1947 St. Louis, Missouri
James A. Downward 1948-50 East St. Louis, Illinois
William G. Hug 1951-52 Park Ridge, Illinois
Gaylord Spotts 1953-55 Jacksonville, Illinois
Ronald South. Kaiser 1956 Clayton, Missouri
John Due west. Forsyth 1957-59 Olney, Illinois
Ben Forsyth 1960-63 Olney, Illinois
Fred Cash 1964-65 Urbana, Illinois
Rick Legue 1966-67 Champaign, Illinois
Gary Simpson 1968-69 Fairfield, Illinois
John Bitzer 1970-73 Shelbyville, Illinois
Mike Gonzalez 1974-76 Jacksonville, Illinois
Matt Gawne 1977-79 Oak Park, Illinois
Pete Marzek 1980 Berwyn, Illinois
Scott Christensen 1981-83 Bloomingdale, Illinois
William Forsyth 1984-85 Springfield, Illinois
Michael Rose 1986-87 Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tom Livingston 1988-89 LaGrange, Illinois
Kurt Gruben 1990-91 Rochelle, Illinois
Steve Raquel 1992 Champaign, Illinois
Jeff Beckham 1993 Bourbonnais, Illinois
John Creech 1994-95 London, Kentucky
Scott Brakenridge 1996-97 Western Springs, Illinois
John Madigan 1998-2000 Philo, Illinois
Matthew Veronie 2001-03 Southward Holland, Illinois
Kyle Cline 2004-05 Decatur, Illinois
Dan Maloney 2006-07 Galesburg, Illinois

*Stith portrayed "Princess Illiniwek" . [73]

Unofficial Chief portrayal list [edit]

Proper noun Years of portrayal Hometown
Dan Maloney 2008 Galesburg, Illinois
Logan Ponce 2009-ten St. Charles, Illinois
Ivan Dozier 2011-15 Ivesdale, Illinois
Bennett Kamps 2016-17 Barrington, Illinois
Omar Cruz 2017 Chicago, Illinois

[74] [75]

Come across also [edit]

  • Peoria (tribe)
  • Native American Mascot Controversy
  • List of sports team names and mascots derived from Indigenous peoples
  • List of ethnic sports team and mascot names (all ethnicities)

Films [edit]

  • Chief Video Documentary - The Master & The Tradition [76]
  • In Whose Honor? - Jay Rosenstein Productions (1997)[77]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "UIAA at Urbana". Illinois Alumni Mag. Archived from the original on December xvi, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
  2. ^ Brand, Myles (October 24, 2005). "NCAA correctly positioned as a goad for social modify". National Collegiate Athletic Association. Archived from the original on August 23, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  3. ^ "Mascots in Court, Non on the Court". The New York Times. March 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-31 .
  4. ^ Julie Wurth (March viii, 2019). "UI students vote downwardly resolution to make 'Alma Otter' adjacent mascot". The News Gazette.
  5. ^ John Keilman (March 10, 2020). "Could the belted kingfisher, an orange and bluish predatory bird, get the University of Illinois' new mascot?". Chicago Tribune.
  6. ^ Aliza Majid (September 22, 2020). "University Senate endorses kingfisher mascot in landslide vote". The Daily Illini.
  7. ^ Saulny, Susan (October 28, 2007). "Academy Reverses Policy to Let Mascot's Render". New York Times . Retrieved 2013-11-18 .
  8. ^ Roger Ebert (March half dozen, 2001). "Noble spirit more than than merely a mascot". Chicago Lord's day-Times. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  9. ^ Drehs, Wayne (March 8, 2001). "Chancellor Aiken warns group of possible sanctions". ESPN. Retrieved 2013-11-eighteen .
  10. ^ Farnell, Brenda (2010). "Choreographing Colonialism in the American West" (PDF). Journal for the Anthropological Written report of Human Movement. 14 (iii). In 1915, the Lodge of the Arrow, a national Scout camping fraternity, was founded in which ceremonies of initiation were based on 'Indian themes' and local lodges and capacity were given 'Indian names.' The commencement three individuals who portrayed Illiniwek (Lester Leutwiler, Webber Borchers, and William Newton) became interested in 'Indian lore' through their interest with the Boy Scouts. They spent time "Playing Indian" (Deloria 1998) at summer military camp, learning and so-called Indian dances besides as craft from Ralph Hubbard, a renowned enthusiast who traveled widely in the The states and Europe producing 'Indian pageants'.
  11. ^ "Main Illiniwek Educational Foundation". Archived from the original on December 28, 2005. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d "The Master Illiniwek Dialogue Report". Archived from the original on August 7, 2011.
  13. ^ "Illinois Confederation" is preferred over "Illiniwek" every bit the confederation'due south name. The Indian Tribes of North America, by John R. Swanton. Bulletin (Smithsonian Institution; Bureau of American Ethnology), 145.
  14. ^ "Federal Laws to Protect Bald Eagles". Fws.gov. 2013-03-xviii. Retrieved 2015-02-20 .
  15. ^ "Sioux asking prompts look at history of Chief Illiniwek garb". News-Gazette. 2007-01-27. Retrieved 2013-05-06 .
  16. ^ "The Master Illiniwek Dialogue Report". Archived from the original on September 28, 2012.
  17. ^ "Princess Illiniwek, Idelle Stith | University of Illinois Archives". Library.uiuc.edu. 1943-10-26. Retrieved 2015-02-20 .
  18. ^ [1] Archived October 2, 2011, at the Wayback Car
  19. ^ [2] Archived October half dozen, 2000, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ a b "Request to University of Illinois to Cease Use of Chief llliniwek every bit Mascot". Aistm.org. Retrieved 2013-xi-14 .
  21. ^ [three] Archived September 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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Bibliography [edit]

  • King, C. Richard, and Charles Fruehling Springwood, eds. (2001). Squad Spirits: The Native American Mascots Controversy. Foreword by Vine Deloria Jr. Lincoln: Academy of Nebraska Press.
  • Spindel, Carol (2002). Dancing at Halftime: Sports and the Controversy Over American Indian Mascots. Updated edition, with a new afterword. New York: New York Academy Press.

External links [edit]

  • Plummer Report
  • UIUC American Indian Studies/Native American House Statement

caldwellambee1962.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Illiniwek

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